Fez is the most authentic and overwhelming medina in Morocco. Fes el Bali is a maze of more than 9,000 alleys where donkeys still carry goods, because no cars can enter, and where craftsmen work as they did centuries ago: tanners, coppersmiths, weavers. It's loud, it smells of leather and spices, and you will get lost; that's part of the experience. It's less touristy and less polished than Marrakech, and for many people it's the highlight of Morocco.
History & How Long to Stay
Idris I founded Fez in 789, and his son Idris II made it the capital of the first Moroccan Islamic state in 808. In the 9th century, refugees from Kairouan (Tunisia) and from Córdoba (Spain) settled on the two banks of the river, bringing their architecture and crafts. In 859 Fatima al-Fihri, a woman from Kairouan, founded Al Quaraouiyine, considered the oldest continuously operating university in the world. Under the Marinid dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries, Fez reached its golden age: they built Fes el Jdid (New Fez) with the royal palace and the Jewish quarter (Mellah), and the beautiful madrasas. Fez was the capital several times until the French moved it to Rabat in 1912. Fes el Bali was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 and is considered the largest car-free urban area in the world.
How long to stay: 2 to 3 days.